Raldi P, Budavari A, Ellis R, White MF, et al. IRS-1mediated inhibition of ML-264 web insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alphaand obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science 271: 665668. 29. Delerive P, Fruchart JC, Staels B Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation handle. J Endocrinol 169: 453459. 30. Friedman JM, Halaas JL Leptin along with the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 395: 763770. 31. Stienstra R, Joosten LA, Koenen T, van Tits B, van Diepen JA, et al. The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 12: 593605. 32. Kuo AH, Stoica GE, Riegel AT, Wellstein A Recruitment of insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of NF-kappaB critical for midkine development signaling by way of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Oncogene 26: 859869. 33. Baker RG, Hayden MS, Ghosh S NF-kappaB, inflammation, and metabolic disease. Cell Metab 13: 1122. 34. Serrano-Marco L, Rodriguez-Calvo R, El Kochairi I, Palomer X, Michalik L, et al. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/2delta ameliorates insulin signaling and reduces SOCS3 levels by inhibiting STAT3 in interleukin-6-stimulated adipocytes. Diabetes 60: 1990 1999. 35. Steppan CM, Wang J, Whiteman EL, Birnbaum MJ, Lazar MA Activation of SOCS-3 by resistin. Mol Cell Biol 25: 15691575. 36. Ishizuka K, Usui I, Kanatani Y, Bukhari A, He J, et al. Chronic tumor necrosis factor-alpha remedy causes insulin resistance by means of insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 induction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrinology 148: 29943003. 37. Narita H Fau – Chen S, Chen S Fau – Komori K, Komori K Fau – Kadomatsu K, Kadomatsu K Midkine is expressed by infiltrating macrophages in instent restenosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. 38. Dai LC, Yao X, Wang X, Niu SQ, Zhou LF, et al. In vitro and in vivo suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma development by midkine-antisense oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles. Globe J Gastroenterol 15: 19661972. 39. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct part in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259: 8791. 40. Olefsky JM, Glass CK Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Annu Rev Physiol 72: 219246. 41. Palanivel R, Fullerton MD, Galic S, Honeyman J, Hewitt KA, et al. Reduced Socs3 expression in adipose tissue protects female mice against obesityinduced insulin resistance. Diabetologia 55: 30833093. 42. Emanuelli B, Peraldi P, Filloux C, Chavey C, Freidinger K, et al. SOCS-3 inhibits insulin signaling and is 23115181 up-regulated in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha within the adipose tissue of obese mice. J Biol Chem 276: 4794447949. 43. Emanuelli B, Peraldi P, Filloux C, Sawka-Verhelle D, Hilton D, et al. SOCS-3 is MedChemExpress 223488-57-1 definitely an insulin-induced unfavorable regulator of insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 275: 1598515991. 44. Huang Y, Hoque MO, Wu F, Trink B, Sidransky D, et al. Midkine induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by way of Notch2/Jak2-Stat3 signaling in human keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 7: 16131622. 45. Stoica GE, Kuo A, Powers C, Bowden ET, Sale EB, et al. Midkine binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase and acts as a development element for different cell forms. J Biol Chem 277: 3599035998. 46. Maeda N, Ichihara-Tanaka K, Kimura T, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T, et al. A receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPzeta/RPTPbeta binds a heparin-binding development element midkine. Invo.Raldi P, Budavari A, Ellis R, White MF, et al. IRS-1mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alphaand obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science 271: 665668. 29. Delerive P, Fruchart JC, Staels B Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation handle. J Endocrinol 169: 453459. 30. Friedman JM, Halaas JL Leptin as well as the regulation of physique weight in mammals. Nature 395: 763770. 31. Stienstra R, Joosten LA, Koenen T, van Tits B, van Diepen JA, et al. The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 12: 593605. 32. Kuo AH, Stoica GE, Riegel AT, Wellstein A Recruitment of insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of NF-kappaB vital for midkine growth signaling by way of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Oncogene 26: 859869. 33. Baker RG, Hayden MS, Ghosh S NF-kappaB, inflammation, and metabolic disease. Cell Metab 13: 1122. 34. Serrano-Marco L, Rodriguez-Calvo R, El Kochairi I, Palomer X, Michalik L, et al. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/2delta ameliorates insulin signaling and reduces SOCS3 levels by inhibiting STAT3 in interleukin-6-stimulated adipocytes. Diabetes 60: 1990 1999. 35. Steppan CM, Wang J, Whiteman EL, Birnbaum MJ, Lazar MA Activation of SOCS-3 by resistin. Mol Cell Biol 25: 15691575. 36. Ishizuka K, Usui I, Kanatani Y, Bukhari A, He J, et al. Chronic tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy causes insulin resistance by means of insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 induction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrinology 148: 29943003. 37. Narita H Fau – Chen S, Chen S Fau – Komori K, Komori K Fau – Kadomatsu K, Kadomatsu K Midkine is expressed by infiltrating macrophages in instent restenosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. 38. Dai LC, Yao X, Wang X, Niu SQ, Zhou LF, et al. In vitro and in vivo suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma growth by midkine-antisense oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles. World J Gastroenterol 15: 19661972. 39. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct function in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259: 8791. 40. Olefsky JM, Glass CK Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Annu Rev Physiol 72: 219246. 41. Palanivel R, Fullerton MD, Galic S, Honeyman J, Hewitt KA, et al. Lowered Socs3 expression in adipose tissue protects female mice against obesityinduced insulin resistance. Diabetologia 55: 30833093. 42. Emanuelli B, Peraldi P, Filloux C, Chavey C, Freidinger K, et al. SOCS-3 inhibits insulin signaling and is 23115181 up-regulated in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha in the adipose tissue of obese mice. J Biol Chem 276: 4794447949. 43. Emanuelli B, Peraldi P, Filloux C, Sawka-Verhelle D, Hilton D, et al. SOCS-3 is definitely an insulin-induced damaging regulator of insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 275: 1598515991. 44. Huang Y, Hoque MO, Wu F, Trink B, Sidransky D, et al. Midkine induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Notch2/Jak2-Stat3 signaling in human keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 7: 16131622. 45. Stoica GE, Kuo A, Powers C, Bowden ET, Sale EB, et al. Midkine binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase and acts as a development element for different cell sorts. J Biol Chem 277: 3599035998. 46. Maeda N, Ichihara-Tanaka K, Kimura T, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T, et al. A receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPzeta/RPTPbeta binds a heparin-binding growth issue midkine. Invo.