Counted and resuspended at a concentration of 2.4 6 105 cells/200 ml. The recipient mice were irradiated with 8.5 Gy and intravenously reconstituted with transduced HSCs (2.4 6 105). Mice were repopulated for 12 weeks before induction of arthritis.MiceMale DBA/1 mice were obtained from Taconic (Europe A/S, Ry, Denmark) and housed in a pathogen-free barrier facility (12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle) and fed rodent chow. All animal studies were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee.Anlotinib site Inflammation-dependent Production of IL-10 in vitroTo verify inflammation-dependent IL-10 production, bone marrow was harvested from femur and the hip bone from DBA/1 mice and HSCs were isolated with negative selection using EasySepH Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell Technologies, Manchester, UK). After isolation, HSCs were resuspended in StemSpan with 1 penicillin/streptomycin and the following cytokines (100 ng/ml mSCF, 100 ng/ml Flt-3L, 100 ng/ml IL-11, 20 ng/ml IL-3) and cultured in 12 well plates at a concentration of 1 6 106 cells/ml. The cells were transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNT-IL-10 at MOI ranging from 0 to 80. The next day the media was changed to a media promoting differentiation of haematopoetic cells to bone marrow derived macrophages containing DMEM supplemented with 10 FCS, 10 L929- conditioned media, 20 mM HEPES and 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. After 9 days of differentiation the cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml LipoPolySaccharide (LPS) or media for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and analysed by mouse Duoset IL-10 ELISA (R D Systems, Abingdon, UK) according to 1480666 the manufacturers instructions.Assessment of in vivo Transgene Integration by PCRTo detect vector integration in bone marrow, spleen and synovium 18 weeks after transplantation of transduced HSCs, DNA was prepared using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Solna, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the WPRE was amplified with 1676428 primers and probes described above.Collagen Type II Induced ArthritisTwo independent experiments were performed and the data were pooled. Arthritis was induced 12 weeks after bone marrow transplantation by a subcutaneous (sc) injection of chicken CII (Sigma-Aldrich AB) (1 mg/ml) in complete freund’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich AB) in a total volume of 100 ml. The mice were boosted sc with CII (1 mg/ml, 100 mg/mouse) in incompleteDisease-Dependent IL-10 Ameliorates CIAfreund’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich AB) at day 21 after CII immunisation. All mice were followed individually and checked daily. Clinical arthritis and severity was assessed by an evaluator blinded to the purchase DprE1-IN-2 treatment groups. Finger/toe and ankle/wrist joints were inspected and arthritis was defined as visible erythema and or swelling. To evaluate the severity of arthritis, a clinical scoring (arthritic index) was carried out using a system where macroscopic inspection yielded a score of 0? points for each limb. We define our scoring system as follows: 0?no arthritis, 1?mild arthritis (mild swelling and a subtle erythema of the evaluated joint), 2?moderate arthritis (moderate swelling and a more pronounced erythema compared to score 1), 3?severe arthritis (profound swelling and erythema). The total score per animal and time point is calculated by adding up the scores from all four paws. The mice were bled at day 29. At day 42 blood, joints, spleen and lymph nodes were obtained. Histopathologic examination of the joints was performed after.Counted and resuspended at a concentration of 2.4 6 105 cells/200 ml. The recipient mice were irradiated with 8.5 Gy and intravenously reconstituted with transduced HSCs (2.4 6 105). Mice were repopulated for 12 weeks before induction of arthritis.MiceMale DBA/1 mice were obtained from Taconic (Europe A/S, Ry, Denmark) and housed in a pathogen-free barrier facility (12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle) and fed rodent chow. All animal studies were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee.Inflammation-dependent Production of IL-10 in vitroTo verify inflammation-dependent IL-10 production, bone marrow was harvested from femur and the hip bone from DBA/1 mice and HSCs were isolated with negative selection using EasySepH Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell Technologies, Manchester, UK). After isolation, HSCs were resuspended in StemSpan with 1 penicillin/streptomycin and the following cytokines (100 ng/ml mSCF, 100 ng/ml Flt-3L, 100 ng/ml IL-11, 20 ng/ml IL-3) and cultured in 12 well plates at a concentration of 1 6 106 cells/ml. The cells were transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNT-IL-10 at MOI ranging from 0 to 80. The next day the media was changed to a media promoting differentiation of haematopoetic cells to bone marrow derived macrophages containing DMEM supplemented with 10 FCS, 10 L929- conditioned media, 20 mM HEPES and 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. After 9 days of differentiation the cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml LipoPolySaccharide (LPS) or media for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and analysed by mouse Duoset IL-10 ELISA (R D Systems, Abingdon, UK) according to 1480666 the manufacturers instructions.Assessment of in vivo Transgene Integration by PCRTo detect vector integration in bone marrow, spleen and synovium 18 weeks after transplantation of transduced HSCs, DNA was prepared using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Solna, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the WPRE was amplified with 1676428 primers and probes described above.Collagen Type II Induced ArthritisTwo independent experiments were performed and the data were pooled. Arthritis was induced 12 weeks after bone marrow transplantation by a subcutaneous (sc) injection of chicken CII (Sigma-Aldrich AB) (1 mg/ml) in complete freund’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich AB) in a total volume of 100 ml. The mice were boosted sc with CII (1 mg/ml, 100 mg/mouse) in incompleteDisease-Dependent IL-10 Ameliorates CIAfreund’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich AB) at day 21 after CII immunisation. All mice were followed individually and checked daily. Clinical arthritis and severity was assessed by an evaluator blinded to the treatment groups. Finger/toe and ankle/wrist joints were inspected and arthritis was defined as visible erythema and or swelling. To evaluate the severity of arthritis, a clinical scoring (arthritic index) was carried out using a system where macroscopic inspection yielded a score of 0? points for each limb. We define our scoring system as follows: 0?no arthritis, 1?mild arthritis (mild swelling and a subtle erythema of the evaluated joint), 2?moderate arthritis (moderate swelling and a more pronounced erythema compared to score 1), 3?severe arthritis (profound swelling and erythema). The total score per animal and time point is calculated by adding up the scores from all four paws. The mice were bled at day 29. At day 42 blood, joints, spleen and lymph nodes were obtained. Histopathologic examination of the joints was performed after.