The unChlorfenapyr In Vitro stable Si-NF is definitely the primarily clogging mechanism, unless rock mineralogy is nemeability, an elevated operating temperature, in addition to a greater particle concentration, glected. For this goal, we performed one more sand-pack flooding experiment using propagation on the nano-dispersed catalyst suspension by way of the media was not sig glass beads. A glass bead is often a non-reactive media, which eliminated the contribution of the icantly affected [72]. rock mineralogy in this study. Its particle size ranged from 105 to 125 . Having said that, there was no clear evidence to state whether or not an unstable Si-NF or min In glass beads, we injected 4 PV of preflush and 1 PV of Si-NF, following by 2 PV of leaching triggered clogging that mostly contributed towards the ED. One can state that the postflush (Figure 13a). As athe primarily clogging mechanism, unless rockpreflush wasis neglec outcome, the oil recovery of glass beads for the duration of mineralogy stable Si-NF is in between 59 and 62 . The ED of we carried out an additional sand-pack flooding Furthermore, we glass bea For this objective, glass beads was in between 11.9 and 23 . experiment applying observed that the pressure drop increased when the Si-NF was used, and also the greater the salinity inside the preflush, the larger was the stress drop inside the Si-NF stage.Energies 2021, 14,When comparing the displacement efficiency of glass beads and grinded Berea sandstone in the same preflush salinity of 4 wt. NaCl, we realized that grinded Berea sandstone yielded a higher displacement efficiency than the glass beads case (ED = 43.93 and 23.04), respectively. More Uniconazole Autophagy importantly, we didn’t observe any precipitate from all situations of sand-pack flooding in glass beads. Because of this, we believed that the interactions of 13 of 17 formation rock mineralogy and Si-NF contributed towards the larger displacement efficiency, for example, within the grinded Berea sandstone case.70 Preflush Si-NF Postflush 60 one hundred Preflush Si-NF Postflush 70 60 50 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 five Number of PVs injected (-) six 7 40 30 20 10100Pressure drop (kPa)60 40 20 0 0 1 two 3 4 five Number of PVs injected (-) 640 30 20 ten(a)100 Preflush 80 Si-NF Postflush 70 60Oil Recovery(b)70 Preflush Si-NF Postflush 60 50 60 40 20 0 0 1 40 30 20 10Pressure drop (kPa)50 60 40 20 0 0 1 two three 4 five Number of PVs injected (-) 6 7 40 30 20 10(c)Number of PVs injected (-) (d)Figure 13. Impact of preflush salinity in glass beads. (a) Control experiment, 0 wt. NaCl (SP-5); (b) 0.5 wt. NaCl (SP-6); Figure 13. Impact of preflush salinity in glass beads. (a) Manage experiment, 0 wt. NaCl (SP-5); (b) 0.five wt. NaCl (SP-6); (c) 2 wt. NaCl (SP-7); (d) 4 wt. NaCl (SP-8). (c) 2 wt. NaCl (SP-7); (d) 4 wt. NaCl (SP-8).We understood from displacement experiments glass beads and grindedSi-NF could When comparing the the series of efficiency of employing glass beads that Berea sandstill clogthe same preflushan increasing stress droprealized that grinded Berea Si-NF was stone in the media, because salinity of 4 wt. NaCl, we was observed. Therefore, the sandstone the principle principal aspect that caused clogging in glass beads case (ED = 43.93 and 23.04), yielded a higher displacement efficiency than the the media. Figure Much more importantly, we pictures observe any precipitate from all situations of sandrespectively.14 shows the top view did not of two diverse sand-pack scenarios. It could pack flooding in glass beads. For enclosed line) appeared during the preflush formation be seen that the less-oil region (redthis reason, we believed that the interactions o.