Reless powered sensor networkCitation: Lee, S.-B.; Kwon, J.-H.; Kim
Reless powered sensor networkCitation: Lee, S.-B.; Kwon, J.-H.; Kim, E.-J. Residual Energy Estimation-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Powered Sensor Networks. Sensors 2021, 21, 7617. https:// doi.org/10.3390/s21227617 Academic Editors: Slim Naifar, Olfa Kanoun and Carlo Trigona Received: 19 October 2021 Accepted: 13 November 2021 Published: 16 November1. Introduction Recent advances in radio frequency (RF)-based wireless power transfer (WET) strategies allow battery-powered sensor Streptonigrin References devices to get power remotely without the need of time and space constraints on ambient resources like solar, thermal, wind, and vibration, enabling perpetual operations. Hence, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with RF-based WET– wireless powered sensor networks (WPSNs)–are regarded among the list of most promising technologies for a sustainable World-wide-web of Items [1]. Inside the WPSN, a power station wirelessly transfers power to sensor devices that make use of the harvested energy to transmit their collected information and facts to a fusion center [102]. The power station and fusion center could be integrated in 1 device or separated into distinct devices. Although such WPSNs are expected to have a potentially infinite network life, they can not usually protect against short-term disconnections because of temporary energy shortages of some sensor devices. Such short-term disconnections trigger an imbalance in transmission possibilities in between sensor devices, resulting in an unfairness trouble for WPSNs [136]. In addition, in contrast towards the conventional WSNs, within the WPSN, when sensor devices operate, wireless details transfer (WIT) and WET should be jointly regarded. Consequently, it can be necessary to style an appropriate medium GLPG-3221 Data Sheet access handle (MAC) protocol for WPSNs. Several research have been performed to design an efficient MAC protocol for WPSNs. In [179], the authors proposed a MAC protocol based on carrier-sense numerous access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for WPSNs. Sensor devices access the channel competitively to conduct power harvesting and data transmission; their channel access priorities are probabilistically differentiated by the backoff duration and inter-frame space (IFS), determined by the remaining energy. In [202], the authors proposed the time-divisionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is definitely an open access write-up distributed under the terms and circumstances of your Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Sensors 2021, 21, 7617. https://doi.org/10.3390/shttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensorsSensors 2021, 21,2 ofmultiple access (TDMA)-based MAC protocol, in which a central coordinator allocates time resources for power harvesting and information transmission thinking of the remaining energy from the sensor devices and also the power consumption required for data transmission. The sensor devices harvest power in the dedicated time slots and transmit information. Cho et al., utilised each TDMA and CSMA/CA procedures to assistance power harvesting and data transmission for two kinds of site visitors patterns: periodic and non-periodic [23]. In [23], a coordinator allocates the dedicated TDMA time slots for energy harvesting and data transmission inside a superframe to sensor devices that create periodic targeted traffic requiring transmission reliability on-demand. In contrast, power harvesting and data trans.