Et al. Reproductive Health :Web page ofof Healthcare Journal Editors (ICMJE). Dissemination of outcomes to participating institutions and communities will take place by means of meetings of stakeholders within the facilities plus the communities and via evaluation workshops with regional researchers. The outcomes of the study will first be shared using the collaborating investigators. Collaborating 
investigators will then disseminate regional and collective benefits to their department and relevant MedChemExpress SCIO-469 authorities within the countries.Abbreviations IDIsIndepth interviews; FGDsFocus group s; LMICsLow and middleincome nations; SBASkilled birth attendance; MDGsMillennium improvement objectives; WHOWorld wellness organization; RPReview panel on research projects; HRPHuman reproduction programme; ERCEthical PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132670 MedChemExpress Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2 critique committee; CNERSComite National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Sante; ICMJEInternational committee of health-related journal editors. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions JPV, MAB, and OO created the study protocol, with input from AMG, BF, TMM, RA, and MDB. This manuscript was drafted by MAB and JPV. All authors study and authorized the final version on the manuscript. Gender equality and human rights approaches to female genital mutilationa evaluation of international human rights norms and standardsRajat Khosla Joya Banerjee, Doris Chou, Lale Say and Susana T. FriedAbstractTwo hundred million girls and women within the planet are estimated to have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), and an additional million girls are at danger of experiencing it by in higher prevalence nations (UNICEF Female genital mutilationcuttinga international concern.). In spite of decades of concerted efforts to eradicate or abandon the practice, and also the increased will need for clear guidance on the therapy and care of girls who’ve undergone FGM, present efforts haven’t but been capable to efficiently curb the amount of ladies and girls
subjected to this practice (UNICEF. Female genital mutilationcuttinga statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of adjust.), nor are they sufficient to respond to health demands of millions of women and girls living with FGM. International efforts to address FGM have hence far focused primarily on preventing the practice, with significantly less interest to treating connected well being complications, caring for survivors, and engaging overall health care providers as essential stakeholders. Recognizing this imperative, WHO 
created guidelines on management of overall health complications of FGM. Within this paper, based on foundational study for the improvement of WHO’s guidelines, we situate the practice of FGM as a rights violation inside the context of international and national policy and efforts, and explore the function of well being providers in upholding healthrelated human rights of girls at girls who are survivors, or who’re at risk. Findings are based on a literature evaluation of relevant international human rights treaties and UN Treaty Monitoring Bodies. KeywordsHuman rights, Gender equality, Gender equity, Gender discrimination, Female genital mutilation, Female genital cutting, Female circumcision, Gender norms, Harmful classic practices, Violence against girls, Genderbased violencePlain English Summary Two hundred million girls and girls are estimated to possess undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) , a regular practice that entails the partial or total removal on the external genitalia. FGM is often a dire violation of human rights particu.Et al. Reproductive Health :Web page ofof Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Dissemination of benefits to participating institutions and communities will take place via meetings of stakeholders within the facilities as well as the communities and by way of analysis workshops with local researchers. The results in the study will initially be shared with all the collaborating investigators. Collaborating investigators will then disseminate nearby and collective outcomes to their division and relevant authorities within the countries.Abbreviations IDIsIndepth interviews; FGDsFocus group s; LMICsLow and middleincome nations; SBASkilled birth attendance; MDGsMillennium development goals; WHOWorld overall health organization; RPReview panel on investigation projects; HRPHuman reproduction programme; ERCEthical PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132670 critique committee; CNERSComite National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Sante; ICMJEInternational committee of medical journal editors. Competing interests The authors declare that they’ve no competing interests. Authors’ contributions JPV, MAB, and OO created the study protocol, with input from AMG, BF, TMM, RA, and MDB. This manuscript was drafted by MAB and JPV. All authors study and approved the final version with the manuscript. Gender equality and human rights approaches to female genital mutilationa critique of international human rights norms and standardsRajat Khosla Joya Banerjee, Doris Chou, Lale Say and Susana T. FriedAbstractTwo hundred million girls and women inside the planet are estimated to possess undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), and an additional million girls are at threat of experiencing it by in high prevalence countries (UNICEF Female genital mutilationcuttinga global concern.). In spite of decades of concerted efforts to eradicate or abandon the practice, and also the increased have to have for clear guidance on the therapy and care of women who have undergone FGM, present efforts haven’t but been able to efficiently curb the amount of women and girls
subjected to this practice (UNICEF. Female genital mutilationcuttinga statistical overview and exploration on the dynamics of alter.), nor are they enough to respond to health requirements of millions of women and girls living with FGM. International efforts to address FGM have as a result far focused mostly on preventing the practice, with less focus to treating related well being complications, caring for survivors, and engaging wellness care providers as crucial stakeholders. Recognizing this crucial, WHO developed guidelines on management of wellness complications of FGM. Within this paper, depending on foundational research for the improvement of WHO’s recommendations, we situate the practice of FGM as a rights violation inside the context of international and national policy and efforts, and explore the function of overall health providers in upholding healthrelated human rights of girls at girls that are survivors, or who’re at risk. Findings are according to a literature evaluation of relevant international human rights treaties and UN Treaty Monitoring Bodies. KeywordsHuman rights, Gender equality, Gender equity, Gender discrimination, Female genital mutilation, Female genital cutting, Female circumcision, Gender norms, Harmful traditional practices, Violence against girls, Genderbased violencePlain English Summary Two hundred million girls and women are estimated to possess undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) , a traditional practice that includes the partial or total removal from the external genitalia. FGM is really a dire violation of human rights particu.