Sk of bias in integrated studies” section with the Description of research) and to critically go over all findings.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21.Stoffers et al.PageRESULTSDescription of studies See: Qualities of incorporated research; Characteristics of excluded research; Traits of ongoing research.Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsResults of the search The study searches had been re-run various times for updates. Because of overlaps in time periods covered and the use of sensitive search approaches (see buy Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE Appendix 1 to Appendix 13), a sizable quantity of references was retrieved in the course of preparation of this overview. Study searches generated 13,972 references, 3723 of which had been identified as duplicates. Soon after screening of titles and abstracts on the remaining ten,249 hits, 489 citations merited closer inspection, as well as the full texts have been ordered and scrutinized by two reviewers (JS, BV). Of those, 425 citations had been excluded since they didn’t meet the inclusion criteria. Seven references referred to at present ongoing trials (see Characteristics of ongoing studies). A total of 57 unique citations had been incorporated, relating to 28 RCTs. Incorporated research Setting of studiesstudy sample–Included research were published amongst the years 1979 and 2009, with 20 with the 28 integrated trials dating from 2000 or later. The studies have been conducted in either the USA (14 studies; Bogenschutz 2004; Frankenburg 2002; Goldberg 1986; Hollander 2001; Leone 1982; Linehan 2008; Reich 2009; Salzman 1995; Simpson 2004;Soloff 1989; Soloff 1993; Zanarini 2001; Zanarini 2003; Zanarini 2004) or in Western European nations (12 studies; five in Germany andor Austria (Loew 2006; Nickel 2004; Nickel 2005; Nickel 2006; Tritt 2005), two every inside the UK (Montgomery 197982;Montgomery 818283) and Spain (Pascual 2008; Soler 2005), and one particular each and every in Belgium (De la Fuente 1994), Ireland (Hallahan 2007) along with the Netherlands (Rinne 2002)). There had been two international multicentre trials: The Schulz 2007 trial was carried out in 39 study centres positioned inside the USA and Western European countries. The RCT by Zanarini 2007 took spot in 13 study centres in the USA, South America, and Eastern Europe. Study samples ranged from N = 16 (Hollander 2001) to N = 314 (Schulz 2007) in size. In the Zanarini 2007 trial, even more individuals had been involved altogether but there have been 3 treatment groups, only two of which could be integrated within this meta-analysis, PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21352253 leaving 301 individuals (see Characteristics of integrated research. In total, the included studies supplied data from 1742 patients. Qualities of participants Demographic data–Most research have been not restricted to any gender, but nine research incorporated female individuals only (Frankenburg 2002; Linehan 2008;Loew 2006; Rinne 2002; Simpson 2004; Tritt 2005; Zanarini 2001; Zanarini 2003; Zanarini 2004). The study of Nickel and colleagues reported the study information of a female (Nickel 2004) along with a male sample (Nickel 2005) in separate publications. Sufferers had been no less than 18 years of age together with the exception of two research (Hallahan 2007; Nickel 2006) exactly where participants had to be at leastCochrane Database Syst Rev. Author manuscript; out there in PMC 2014 September 21.Stoffers et al.Page16 years old. The mean participants’ age ranged from 21.7 (Nickel 2006) to 38.6 (Hollander 2001) years, with 14 of the 28 research having a mean age under 30 years. Treatment settings–Study par.