Y (Tang et al., 2021). The exosomes could be detected making use of flow cytometry, differential centrifugation, magnetic bead assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of surface proteins CD9, CD10, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD63, CD73, CD90, CD105, enkephalin enzyme, and main histocompatibility complex MHC I moleculesdistinguishes these from other cell-derived exosomes. It’s still a research lacuna that no single surface marker has been identified for these exosomes.UCMSC-Derived ExosomesThe umbilical cord includes a placental origin and is involved in giving nourishment and nutrition to the fetus from the mother in the course of pregnancy. Human-derived MSCs could be broadly classified into (i) human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), (ii) human umbilical cord perivascular MSCs (HUCPV-MSCs), (iii) human umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly MSCs (HWJ-MSCs), and (iv) human amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (HA-MSCs) (Subra et al., 2010). The morphology from the principal UCMSCs demonstrates a spindle shape with the absence of vortex development. Later, the cells show vortex development following day 1 from the direct adherent cell culture Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 20 Proteins Recombinant Proteins working with the main cell tissue mass culture approach. In addition, handful of cells throughout the fifth passage show vortex patterns from the second generation until the fifth generation (Tang et al., 2021). Together with the fifth passage, the cells turn into extended, elongated, and fusiform with standard vortex growth. The exosomes derived from these primary cells show variation in size within the range in between 30 and one hundred nm, as revealed from electron microscopyFrontiers in Microbiology www.frontiersin.orgJuly 2021 Volume 12 ArticleRaghav et al.Tailored Exosomes in Diabetic Foot Ulcers(Tang et al., 2021). The exosome morphology exhibits a round or elliptical membranous structure with clear and distinct boundaries (Vohra et al., 2020). The UCMSCs exhibit cellspecific surface markers including CD29, CD44, C/73 (SH3), CD90 (Thy-1), and CD105 (SH2) and unfavorable for CD11b, CD34, and CD45, although their extracted exosomes demonstrate CD9, CD63, and CD81 along with the multivesicular biosynthesis-related protein ALIX (Tang et al., 2021).BMSC-Derived ExosomesThe BMSCs might be isolated from bone Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 (MAPK8/JNK1) Proteins Molecular Weight marrow with the inbuilt advantage of low infection price of pathogenic microorganisms, effective and steady biological part, low immune rejection posttransplantation, and great survival price in larger passages (Tan et al., 2020). These cells exhibit diverse size and shape and develop into adherent just after 1 days in the cell culture seeding in the acceptable culture medium. The adherent cell shows round morphology as demonstrated by electron microscopy. These cells commence to colonize soon after four days of the culture exhibiting a single fusiform shape forming a vortex growth pattern ordinarily in the fourth passage (Tang et al., 2021). The exosomes derived from BMSCs are uniform using a size variety amongst 30 and one hundred nm in diameter and getting a cup-shaped morphology with clear and distinct boundaries (Tang et al., 2021). Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis on the BMSCderived exosomes show expression of CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP70, syntenin-1, and multi-vesicular biosynthesis-related protein TSG101 (Tang et al., 2021).microchip pillar walls for trapping liposomes, and acoustic nanofiltration is used for isolation of exosomes within a size selection of 100000 nm (Kurian et al., 2021). A single additional study exhibited the usage of viscoelastic microfluidics for the isolation and separation on the exosomes with an isolation.