Models. We adjusted for insurance coverage product in the models and integrated a time by insurance coverage product interaction term to test whether or not there were statistically important modifications in utilization prereform and postreform, according to the kind of insurance solution to which WHN participants enrolled. Two-tailed tests of statistical significance were carried out; statistical significance was established at the 0.05 alpha level.Final results Insurance status post ealthcare reformThe sociodemographic characteristics of study participants are listed in Table 1. Loss to follow-up across study years was low (7 ). Study participants were predominantly Hispanic (44 ), had been 400 years old (58 ), had much less than ten,000 in annual household income (49 ), and had significantly less than highschool educational attainment (41 ). Twenty-seven % had a diagnosis of hypertension,17 had diabetes, and 17 had a Farnesyl Transferase MedChemExpress hysterectomy before or for the duration of the study period. Women NOD2 supplier having a hysterectomy have been excluded in the evaluation of Pap smear usage. A plurality (39.5 ) of WHN participants transitioned to Commonwealth Care, the state-subsidized insurance strategy in the Massachusetts well being insurance coverage exchange. A big percentage (30.six ) enrolled inside the Well being Security Net, a state plan offering restricted funding for residents ineligible for all other types of insurance. Eight percent of WHN participants enrolled in Medicaid beneath expanded Medicaid criteria, 5 became eligible for Medicare based on age, and fewer than 1 relied on self-pay for care. Chi-squared tests showed substantial racial and ethnic variations in insurance coverage status, with nonHispanic white ladies probably to enroll in subsidized Commonwealth Care insurance ( p 0.0001). Non-Hispanic black women have been most likely to enroll in Commonwealth Care insurance, and Hispanic and Asian girls had been most likely to demand Wellness Safety Net funds to spend for care ( p 0.0001). No statistically significant racial and ethnic differences had been observed in Medicaid enrollment.Table 1. Massachusetts Women’s Health Network Participants Baseline Traits by Post ealthcare Reform Insurance coverage Sort Commonwealth Health Private Carea Safety Netb Medicaid coveragec Medicare Self-pay All n = 1,214 Age 400 n = 704 514 n = 510 Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic white n = 345 Non-Hispanic black n = 210 Non-Hispanic Asian n = 112 Hispanic n = 535 Other/unknown n = 12 Median household revenue 10,000 n = 593 ten,00015,000 n = 233 15,00020,000 n = 194 20,000 n = 189 Unknown n = 5 Educational attainment Higher school n = 502 Higher college n = 332 Any college n = 304 Unknown n = 76 Has hypertension n = 326 Has diabetes n = 209 Had a hysterectomy n = 204 479 246 (51) 233 (49) 165 81 44 186 three 218 95 87 77 two 187 148 106 38 141 78 84 (34) (17) (9) (39) (1) (46) (20) (18) (16) (0.four) (39) (31) (22) (8) (29) (16) (18) 372 274 (74) 98 (26) 52 37 50 229 4 (14) (ten) (13) (62) (1) 101 59 (58) 42 (42) 21 (21) 26 (26) 11 (11) 43 (43) 0 52 (52) 15 (15) 15 (15) 19 (19) 0 47 31 18 five 42 33 19 (47) (31) (18) (five) (42) (33) (19) 100 68 (68) 32 (32) 21 39 2 37 1 40 20 18 21 1 35 33 23 9 34 21 15 (21) (39) (2) (37) (1) (40) (20) (18) (21) (1) (35) (33) (23) (9) (34) (21) (15) 64 six (9) 58 (91) 24 19 three 16 two 40 12 five 6 1 29 19 12 4 39 23 16 (37) (30) (5) (25) (three) (62) (19) (eight) (9) (two) (45) (30) (19) (six) (61) (36) (25) eight 8 (one hundred) 0 (0) four three 0 1 0 (50) (38) (0) (12) (0) Unknown/lost to follow-up 90 43 (48) 47 (52) 58 5 2 23 two 46 13 9 21 1 (64) (six) (two) (26) (2) (51) (14) (ten) (23) (1)193 (52) 78 (21).