Er, it was surprisingly found that mice with targeted deletion in the P-selectin gene (PsKO mice) created unpolarized type 1/type two cytokine reactions and vigorously enhanced liver pathology following infection with the variety 2-promoting S. mansoni [10]. The ligand for P-selectin, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), is expressed on subsets of activated effector T cells and is believed to become crucial for the movement of CD4- constructive T cells into inflamed tissues [11]. Nonetheless, the extent to which selectins regulate the movement of leucocytes to visceral organs and the contribution of selectins to the regulation of chronic sort 2 cytokine dependent liver illness remain comparatively unclear. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the possible expression of particular lymphocytes and platelets activation molecules in chronic HCV and/or schistosomiasis mansoni infections and their doable roles in progression of CLD.patients with concomitant hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni and chronic HCV infections with out cirrhosis (17 males and 6 females). Group-IV: 25 Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Purity & Documentation individuals with chronic HCV and liver cirrhosis (14males and 11females). Group-V: 20 healthful individuals as controls (12 males and 8 females).Exclusion criteriaPatients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), malignancy which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or renal, cardiopulmonary or autoimmune CA Ⅱ Biological Activity problems and pregnant women had been excluded in the study.MethodsAll participants inside the existing study were subjected to full history taking (including contact with canal water) and clinical examination in addition to the following investigations:Abdominal ultrasoundTo assess the hepatic physical situation including the grading of portal tract thickening in schistosomiasis mansoni good individuals and the extent of liver cirrhosis.Laboratory investigationsMethodsEthical approvalThis study was conducted in compliance using the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by ethical committee of Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. (Archiving number; 15/2013).Written informed consents were obtained from all participants.SubjectsEighty seven individuals in addition to twenty healthful subjects have been selected from the Internal Medicine Division, Kasr AL-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University throughout the period from May 2013 to December 2013. The study population was divided into 5 groups. Group-I: 21 individuals with hepatic schistosomiasis as evidenced by good serology and portal tract thickening (grades I-III) by ultrasonography (14 males and 7 females). Group-II: 18 patients with chronic HCV infection without cirrhosis (10 males and eight females). Group-III:1. Full Blood Count (CBC): Was measured by Sysmix K-21 automatic cell counter (Japan). two. Liver function tests: Serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin, total and direct bilirubin had been performed making use of Integra-400 (Roche-Germany). Prothrombin concentration was estimated applying Fibrintimer (Roche- Germany). 3. Serological Screening for HBV HCV: HBV markers and HCV antibodies had been assayed by EIA (COBAS-Amplicore, Germany). 4. Qualitative assessment of HCV-RNA by PCR utilizing a commercial kit (Roche Diagnostic, Branchburg, NJ) in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. five. Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis mansoni: Direct wet mount stool slides had been examined in saline and iodine preparations. Concentration slides have been ready working with formal-ether concentration technique (FECT) with physiological saline and examined [12].