Ipponense was significantly higher than that inside the other developmental stages
Ipponense was drastically higher than that within the other developmental stages (Figure 7); this showed that MnFtz-f1 could possibly play a vital role in the procedure of oocyte mitosis. A recent study in Drosophila revealed that Drosophila oocytes couldn’t undergo standard mitosis inside the absence of Ftz-f1, suggesting that Ftz-f1 was crucial for oocyte division (57). In Drosophila, Ftz-f1 is divided into two subtypes: aFtz-f1 and bFtz-f1. The aFtz-f1 is mainly expressed in the early stage of embryogenesis, even though bFtz-f1 is expressed in the late embryonic stage and pupal stage (58). In theFrontiers in Endocrinology | www.frontiersinDecember 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleYuan et al.Identification Functions of MnFtz-fFIGURE 4 | The 3D-structures of MnFtz-f1 and Ftz-f1 predicted by I-TASSER. (A) shows the 3D-structure in the MnFtz-f1 gene of M. nipponense. (B ) show the 3D-structures in the Ftz-f1 gene of P. vannamei, H. americanus and P. monodon, respectively. The DNA-binding domain is mAChR1 medchemexpress marked with a red circle.current study, MnFtz-f1 was hugely expressed inside the early stage of significant embryogenesis (CS), on the 5th day immediately after hatching, and on the 5th day soon after larvae (Figure 7). MnFtz-f1 might possess a similar function of aFtz-f1 and bFtz-f1 within the embryonic and hatching stages. Ftz-f1 is one of the 20E responsive genes, and also the decrease in 20E level induces a rise in bFtz-f1 expression level (15, 17, 59). Consistent with earlier study, in vivo administration of 20E substantially inhibited the expression degree of MnFtzf1 (Figure eight). RNAi causes post-transcriptional gene silencing by way of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (60). In M. nipponense, RNAi has been widely employed in gene function evaluation (41, 61, 62). Within the existing study, the expression of MnFtz-f1 in M. nipponense ovaries was significantly reduced by the in vivo administrationof dsRNA. To additional study the mutual connection of regulation in between the genes, the expression levels of Mn-Spook, Phantom, and Vg had been determined immediately after MnFtz-f1 knockdown. Spook and Phantom are vital members with the Halloween gene family members and regulate molting by catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol to 20E (3). Mn-Spook plays a pivotal role in the molting of M. nipponense by participating in 20E production (41). In Schistocerca gregaria, silencing of Spook reduces ecdysteroid titer and leads to delayed nymphal development and failure to molt. Phantom will be the enzyme needed by the prothoracic glands of Bombyx and Drosophila to synthesize ecdysteroid (63). In Gap Junction Protein Source crustaceans, Vg supplies energy for ovarian development, as well as the maturation of ovaries depends upon the synthesis and accumulation of Vg (64, 65). Generally, Mn-Spook, Phantom,Frontiers in Endocrinology | www.frontiersinDecember 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleYuan et al.Identification Functions of MnFtz-fFIGURE 5 | Expression of MnFtz-f1 mRNA in diverse tissues of M. nipponense. O, ovary; H, heart; G, gill; E, eyestalk; He, hepatopancreas; M, muscle. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA. Information (imply SEM, n = 6) were expressed relative towards the expression in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF) gene. Bars with diverse letters indicate considerable differences (P 0.05).and Vg are closely associated to the molting or ovarian development of crustaceans. Studying the regulatory partnership involving MnFtz-f1 and these genes in M. nipponense is more conducive to our understanding on the molting and ovarian improvement processes of M. nipponen.